Ôn thi vào lớp 10 môn tiếng Anh

ÔN THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH
Topic 1: Pronunciation and stress.
NGỮ ÂM
NGUYÊN ÂM: VOWEL
Nguyên âm đơn: (vowel) Có 12 nguyên âm:
/ i: /- read, see, meet, meal / i /- sit, six, hit
/u: / - too, two, pool, school / u / - book, put, could
/ ǝ / - ago, porter, apartment / ɜ / - learn, first, word
/ɔ: / - saw, nor, sort / ɔ / - not, hot, got
/ ʌ / - but, umbrella, come / a: / - part, arm, farm, car
/ e / - men, hen, lend / æ / - man, hat, batman
b. Nguyên âm đôi: (Diphthong)
/ iǝ / - here, near, fear / ei / - name, came, page
/ ʊǝ / - tour, poor, jury / ɔi / - boy, coin, enjoy
/ ǝʊ / - go, cold, load / eǝ / - wear, care, hair
/ ai / - nice, fine, rice / aʊ / - how, cow, house, now
PHỤ ÂM (CONSONANT)
 / b / - bus, but, band / p / - put, pen, pitch
/ k / - candy, cook, can / d / - day, deep, dance
/ t / - take, turtle, tornado / g / - get, goal, goat, go
/ s / - soon, sun, sound / z / - rise, music, prize
/ ʃ / - sugar, sure, chef / ʒ / - measure, pleasure, vision
/ tʃ / - question, chips, church / dʒ / - joy, age, large
/ f / - fine, laugh, enough / v / - heavy, veal, move
/ w / - win, whale, one / j / - your, yet, use
/ h / - head, who, hand / θ / - thank, thin, teeth 
/ ð / - this, they, father / m / - mother, my, mountain 
/ n / - nowadays, net, beneath / ŋ / - sing, thank, thing
/ l / - long, lie, lifelong / r / - red, wrong, proud
 ÂM CÂM TRONG TIẾNG ANH ( phần 1)
Âm B câm: Âm B là một âm câm khi nó đứng cuối từ và đứng trước nó là âm M.
- climb [klaim] : leo trèo - comb [koum] : cái lược
Âm C câm: Âm C là một âm câm trong cụm "scle" ở cuối từ.
muscle ['mʌsl] : cơ bắp
Âm D câm: Âm D là một âm câm khi nó đứng liền với âm N.
Wednesday ['wenzdei] : thứ 4
Âm E câm: Âm E là một âm câm khi đứng cuối từ.
- hope [houp] : hi vọng - write [rait] : viết
Âm G câm: Âm G là một âm câm khi đứng trước âm N.
foreign ['fɔrin]: nước ngoài
Âm GH câm: Âm GH là một âm câm khi đứng trước âm T hoặc đứng cuối từ.
- daughter ['dɔ:tə] : con gái - light [lait] : ánh sáng
Âm K câm: Âm K là một âm câm khi đứng trước âm N ở đầu.
- knife [naif] : con dao - know [nou] : biết
Âm H câm: Âm H là một âm câm khi đứng sau âm W. trừ Who/ Whom/ Whose
- what [wɔt] : cái gì - when [wen] : khi nào
where/why : ở đâu/tại sao
Ngoại lệ: Một số từ bắt đầu bằng âm H câm sẽ được dùng với mạo từ “an”. 
- hour ['auə] : giờ - heir [eə] : người thừa kế
CÁCH ĐÁNH DẤU TRỌNG ÂM
1. Những danh từ và tính từ có 2 âm tiết thì trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất.
Ex: kitchen, active
Những động từ có 2 âm tiết thì trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2 trừ những âm có cách đọc ngắn như: - er, - el, - ow,
Ex: accept, begin
 Trừ: clever, travel, borrow.
2. Những danh từ và động từ có 3 âm tiết thì trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất nếu âm cuối cùng đọc dài.
Ex: company, interest, 
Những danh từ và động từ có 3 âm tiết thì trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2 nếu âm cuối cùng đọc ngắn như: er, el, ow, ic, op
Ex: discover, tomorrow.
3. Khi gặp các hậu tố: -ic, -ical, -aphy, -ogy, -ity, -acy, -ian, -id, -ible, -ish, -ial, - age, - ure, - ety, - ion, - ous, - ior, - iar, - ence, - iency, - ient, - ier, - ict, -ent: thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết trước các hậu tố này.
Ex: economic economical succession suggestion photography
 Biology ability democracy musician stupid
 Possible childish confidential (kín đáo) democracy	 
 structure 	 dictation 	 librarian experience 	premier relict (quả phụ)
 image 	 society 	 artificial 	superior 	 efficiency 	 
 republic mathematics courageous familiar	 convenient 	
Ngo¹i trõ : cathonic (toàn diện) lunatic Arabic politics arithmetic (số học) vacate (bỏ trống)
4. Khi gặp các từ ghép: 
Từ ghép là danh từ: - trọng âm rơi vào chữ đầu: VD: - school-bag
Từ ghép là động từ và tính từ: - trọng âm rơi vào chữ thứ 2: VD: - under-stand, old-fashioned, homesick airsick 
Nhưng : bad- temper 	 short- sighted	well- informed 	upstairs 
 well - done short- handed north- east down- stream 
well - dressed ill - treated 	 downstairs 	 north - west ... 
5. Các từ có từ 3 âm tiết trở lên thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 3 tính từ “phải” qua “trái”
VD: opportunity, geography, familiar,
Lưu ý:
 1. - Các tiền tố và hậu tố không ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm của từ: -re- , dis-, un-, in-, il-, im-, ir-, -ness, -ous, -able, -d, -en, -ful, -less, -ing, -ment, -ly.
VD: - wonder -> wonderful, - patient -> (im)patiently, predict -> (un)predictable
2. – Trọng âm thường rơi vào các hậu tố:
-ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ique, -ette, -esque, -oo, -mental, -end, -ever, - ade, -oon, een.
VD: - entertain, entertainment, Chinese, employee, engineer, unique, cigarette, picturesque, bamboo, fundamental, recommend, however, lemonade, typhoon, thirteen
3. Các từ 2 âm tiết bắt đầu bằng [A] thì trọng âm nhấn vào âm tiết thứ 2: 
abed 	about 	 above 	 aback 	again alone achieve alike
 alive ago asleep abroad aside abuse afraid	
4. Các đại từ phản thân luôn nhấn mạnh ở cuối từ : myself, himself, themselves ..
Exercise Chọn từ có âm tiết được nhấn khác với các từ còn lại:	
Exercise 1	
1.	A. admire 	B. honor 	C. title 	D. difficult
2.	A. describe 	B. struggle 	C. political 	D. society
3.	A. independence	B. politician	C. immortality	D. different
4.	A. comfort	B. nation	C. apply	D. moment
5.	A. ashamed	B. position	C. begin	D. enemy
6.	A. influential	B. creative	C. introduction	D. university
7.	A. profit	B. suggest	C. surrender	D. report
8.	A. career	B. majority	C. continue	D. education
9.	A. vocational	B. employer	C. minority	D. reasonable
10.	A. general	B. opinion	C. abroad	D. surprise
Exercise 2	
1.	A. realize	B. improve	C. possible	D. comfortable
2.	A. important	B. especially	C. prefer	D. influence
3.	A. mineral	B. example	C. diamond	D. popular
4.	A. republic	B. collector	C. situation	D. inscription
5.	A. protection	B. separate	C. develop	D. encourage
6.	A. recognize	B. stimulate	C. activity	D. adult
7.	A. intelligent	B. direct	C. desire	D. satisfactory
8.	A. re ... in order that she would be on time.
Exercises:
Sử dụng cụm từ chỉ mục đích và mệnh đề chỉ mục đích để nối cặp câu sau:
1. The clown took off his mask. He didn’t want to frighten the children.
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
2. My father drove carefully. He didn’t want to cause accidents.
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
3. Mr. Thomson is learning Vietnamese. He wishes to read The Tale of Kiều.
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
4. Sue dutifully followed her parents’ advice. She didn’t want to cause trouble for her parents. 
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
5. Please shut the door. I don’t want the dog to go out of the house.
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
6. The farmer built a high wall around his garden. The fruit wouldn’t be stolen.
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
7. The police stopped the traffic every few minutes. The pedestrians might cross the road.
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
8. The notices are written in several languages. Everyone may understand them.
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
9. I wish to have enough money. I want to buy a new house.
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
10. Dick is practicing the guitar. He can play for the dance.
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
11. She needs a job. She wants to support her old parents.
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
12. He moved to the front row. He could hear the speaker better.
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
13. She put the meat into the oven. She wanted it to be ready for dinner.
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
14. The boys stood on the benches. They wanted to get a better view.
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
15. We lover the volume of the radio. We don’t want to bother our neighbors.
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
16. I’ll write to you. I want you know my decision soon.
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
17. These men were talking in whispers. They didn’t want anyone to hear their conversation.
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
18. The boy feigned to be sick. He hoped we didn’t make him work.
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
19. The man spoke loudly. He wanted everyone to hear him clearly.
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
20. Doris often goes home as soon as the class is over. She doesn’t want her mother to wait for her.
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
21. John gets up early. He doesn’t want to be late for class.
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
22. Mary hid the novel under her pillow. He didn’t want her father to see it.
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
23. Alice prepares her lessons carefully. She wants to get high marks in class.
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
24. The robber changed his address all time. He didn’t want the police to find him.
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
25. They did their jobs well. They hoped the boss would increase their salary.
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
26. You should walk slowly. Your sister can follow you.
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
27. I’m studying hard. I want to keep pace with my classmates.
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
28. We turned out the lights. We didn’t want to waste electricity.
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
29. This pupil read only for short periods each day. He didn’t want to train his eyes.
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
30. I whispered. I didn’t want to disturbed anyone.
-____________________________________________________________
-____________________________________________________________
RESULT 
1. Các cấu trúc của “so.... that” và “such.... that”
a. [S + V(c) + so + adj/adv + that + clause]: quá ..... đến nổi
Ex: - She is so kind that everyone loves her.
 - He swam so strongly that he won the first prize.
 - The coffee is so hot that we can't drink it.
b. S + V(c) + such + a/an + adj + singular noun + that + clause
Ex: Chuyển các câu từ (a) sang dạng (b)
ð She is such a kind person that everyone loves her.
ð She was such a strong swimmer that he won the first prize.
v NOTE: Với cấu trúc “so  that” khi chuyển thành “such ...that” ð ta biến động từ
chính thành danh từ.
2. Để diễn tả kết quả ta còn có thể sử dụng các cấu trúc
a. S + be/ V(c) + too + adj/adv + (for + O) + to + V : 
(Quá ... đến nổi (ai) không thể làm được gì)
Ex: - The coffee is too hot for us to drink it.
 - The car is too expensive for them to buy
 - He run too fast for everyone to catch up with
c. S + V(c) + adj/adv + enough + (for + O) + to + V đủ  để làm gì
- It is cold enough for us to wear warm clothes
- He swam strongly enough to win the race
- The car is not cheap enough for them to buy
ð The car is too expensive for them to buy
Như vậy: S + V(c) + too + adj/adv + (for + O) + to + V
= S + not + Vc + adj/adv trái nghĩa + enough + (for + O) + to + V
- She is too young to get married
ð She is not old enough to get married
Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa:
1) The room is so tidy that it took us one hour to clean it.
=> It is ....
2) The man is so fool that no one took any notice of him.
=> He is ....
3) The film is so long that they can't broadcast it on one night.
=> It is .....
4) The books are so interesting that we have read them many times.
=> They are.....
5) The news was so bad that she burst into tears on hearing it.
=> It was....
6) The food was so hot that it turned my tongue.
=> It was.....
7) There is so much rain that we can't go out.
=> There is such....
8) The boy is so fat that every calls him Stuffy.
=> He is ....
9) The milk is so excellent that all the children want some more.
=> It is ....
10) The weather was so warm that they had a walk in the garden.
=> It was....
11) There were so many people in the hall that we couldn't see him.
=> There were such...
12) The match was so exciting that all the fans shouted loudly.
=> It was...
13) They drank so much coffee that they couldn't sleep all night.
 => They drunk such.....
14) Alice had so many exercises to do that she couldn't go out.
=> Alice had such.....
15) The woman was so poor that she needed everyone's help.
=> She was.....
REASON 
Caùch chuyeån töø meänh ñeà chæ lyù do sang cuïm töø
Because + 	S (pronoun) + 	be	 + 	adj ..
Ä Because of 	 + Possessive 	 + Noun
	Because she was ill, she couldn’t go to school
	Ä Because of her illness, she couldn’t go to school. 
Because + 	S (noun) 	+ 	be	 + 	adj ..
Ä Because of 	+ the 	+ adj 	 	+ Noun
	Because the weather was hot, I couldn’t sleep well.
	Ä Because of the hot weather, I couldn’t sleep well. 
Because + 	S (pronoun) + 	VERB + 	adv ..
Ä Because of 	+ Possessive 	+ adj	+ 	Noun
	Because she behaves well, everyone loves her.
 	Ä Because of her good behavior, everyone loves her. 
Because + (S+ have) THERE + BE + 	(a /an) + 	ADJ + 	NOUN
Ä Because of 	 + 	(a/an) + 	ADJ + 	Noun	
Because + 	 S (Pronoun) + 	TO BE 	+	ADVERB +	ADJ
Ä Because of +	 Possessive	+ 	ADJ	+	Noun	
	Because she is extremely beautiful, everyone admires her.
	Ä Because of her extreme beauty, everyone admire her.
Because + 	S (Noun) 	+ 	TO BE	+ 	V3	
Ä Because of + the Noun (V3) 	+	of	+ 	Noun
Because + 	S (Noun) + 	 VERB	+ (ADVERB)
Ä Because of + a/ an/ the (ADJ)	+	NOUN	+ of	+	Noun (Noun)
	Because this boy behaved kindly, I love him so much.
 	Ä Because of the kind behavior of this boy, I love him so much.
Because + S1 (Noun/ Pronoun) 	+ 	VERB	+ O ., S2 +V2 + (S1 # S2)
	 â	
Ä Because of + possessive	+ (not) Ving	+ O ., S2 +V2 + (S1 # S2)
Because I am sick, I do not go out. 
à Because of 
Because the water is polluted, we can’t swim in that river.
Because of 
Because Nga has had a sore leg, she had difficulty in walking.
Because of 
Because he behaved badly, he found himself in trouble.
Because of 
Because it was snowing, we didn’t go out for a walk.
Because of 
Because of his good looks, he is popular with many girls.
Because 
 Because of his serious sickness, he couldn’t come to the class.
Because 
Because of too much exhaust fume, people have to wear gauze masks in the streets.
Because 
Because of their good performance, they won the first prize.
Because
 Because of your advice, we didn’t use that poisonous chemical.
Because 
CHUYỂN ĐỔI QUA LẠI GIỮA Although/ though despite / in spite of 
Nguyên tắc chung cần nhớ là :
Although/ though + mệnh đề
Despite / in spite of + cụm từ 
Các công thức biến đổi từ mệnh đề sang cụm từ như sau:
1) Nếu chủ ngữ 2 mệnh đề giống nhau:
- Bỏ chủ từ ,động từ thêm ING .
Although Tom got up late, he got to school on time.
=> Despite / in spite of getting up late, Tom got to school on time.
2) Nếu chủ ngữ là danh từ + be + tính từ
- Đem tính từ đặt trước danh từ ,bỏ to be 
Although the rain is heavy,.......
=> Despite / in spite of the heavy rain, ......
3) Nếu chủ ngữ là đại từ + be + tính từ :
- Đổi đại từ thành sỡ hửu ,đổi tính từ thành danh từ ,bỏ be 
Although He was sick,........
=> Despite / in spite of his sickness,.......
4) Nếu chủ ngữ là đại từ + động từ + trạng từ 
- Đổi đại từ thành sở hữu, động từ thành danh từ ,trạng từ thành tính từ đặt 
trước danh từ 
Although He behaved impolitely,.....
=> Despite / in spite of his impolite behavior ,.........
5) Nếu câu có dạng : there be + danh từ Hoặc : S + have + N 
- Thì bỏ there be 
Although there was an accident ,.....
=> Despite / in spite of an accident,......
Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa:
1) Although Tom was a poor student, he studied very well.
=> In spite of his poverty, Tom studied very well
2) Mary could not go to school because she was sick.
=>Because of her sickness, Mary couldn't go to school
3) Although the weather was bad, she went to school on time.
=> Despite the bad weather, she went to school on time
4) My mother told me to go to school although I was sick.
=> In spite of my sickness, my mother told me to go to school 
5) Because there was a big storm, I stayed at home.
=> Because of the big storm, I stayed at home
6) Tom was admitted to the university although his grades were bad.
=>Despite the bad grades, Tom was admitted to the university
7) Although she has a physical handicap, she has become a successful woman.
=> Despite having a physical handicap, she has become a successful woman.
8) In spite of his good salary, Tom gave up his job.
=> Although Tom get good salary, he gave up his job 
9) Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep.
=> In spite of not having finished the paper, he went to sleep
10) In spite of the high prices, my daughter insists on going to the movies.
=> Even though the
11. Many people began to wearing jeans because they were cheap.
=> Because of..
12 ) Since he was careless, Tom lost the game.
=> Because of..
13) Although she behaves well, no one loves her.
Despite..
14) Because of the cold weather, the crops are late this year.
=> Because ..
15) Mary was worried because Tom was late.
=> Because of..
16) Tom walked slowly because his leg was bad.
=> Because of..
17) I came here because I want the English course.
=> Because of..
18) I went to school although it was hot.
Despite..
19) Because the dust in the room, I can’t go in.
=> Because of..
20) Because of too much smoke, We have to wear masks .
=> Because .. are high, my daughter insists on