Đề cương ôn tập học kì 2 môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 8 - Năm học 2019-2020

PHÚ AN SECONDARY SCHOOL
THE SECOND TERM REVISION SOLUTIONS 8
I. “Will” or “be going to”
When we want to talk about future facts or things we believe to be true about the future, we use 'will'.
The President will serve for four years.
The boss won't be very happy.
I'm sure you'll like her.
I'm certain he'll do a good job.
If we are not so certain about the future, we use 'will' with expressions such as 'probably', 'possibly', 'I think', 'I hope'.
I hope you'll visit me in my home one day.
She'll probably be a great success.
I'll possibly come but I may not get back in time.
I think we'll get on well.
If you are making a future prediction based on evidence in the present situation, use 'going to'.
Not a cloud in the sky. It's going to be another warm day.
Look at the queue. We're not going to get in for hours.
The traffic is terrible. We're going to miss our flight.
Be careful! You're going to spill your coffee.
At the moment of making a decision, use 'will'. Once you have made the decision, talk about it using 'going to'.
I'll call Jenny to let her know. Sarah, I need Jenny's number. I'm going to call her about the meeting.
I'll come and have a drink with you but I must let Harry know. Harry, I'm going to have a drink with Simon.
* Exercises
‘Will’ or ‘be going to’? Put in ‘will’ or ‘be going to’:
A: We don’t have any bread. B: I know. I 	_ get some from the shop.
A: We don’t have any bread. B: Really? I 	_ get some from the shop then.
A: Why do you need to borrow my suitcase? B: I 	visit my mother in Scotland next month.
A: I’m really cold. B: I 	_ turn the heating on.
A: Are you going to John’s party tonight? B: Yes. Are you going too? I 	
give you a lift.
A: What are your plans after you leave university? B: I _ 	work in a hospital in Africa. I leave on the 28th .
(The phone rings) A: I 	get it!
A: Are you ready to order? B: I can’t decide  Okay, I	have the steak,
please.
A: Are you busy tonight? Would you like to have coffee? B: Sorry. I _ 	go to the library. I’ve been planning to study all day.
A: Why are you carrying a hammer? B: I	put up some pictures.
II.
Modal verbs:
*may, might, could + V (bare –inf)
To talk about possibility in the present or future, we can use “may, might, or could” followed by
the infinitive without to.
EX: They may/ might/ could be at home now. (present)
They may/ might/ could buy a new DVD recorder. (future)
We use may not or might not for the negative. We don’t use could not
*must, mustn’t, needn’t + V (bare – inf):
*Must I go out now?
-	Yes, you must / No, you needn’t
* Practice:Complete the sentences. Use “must, mustn’t, needn’t”
Teachers	wear suits for work, but their clothes must be neat and clean.
Students	use their mobile phones during the lessons.
You	arrive on time for lessons. It's important not to be late.
You	eat lunch in the school canteen. Some students prefer to go home for lunch.
Students and teachers	be polite to each other.
You	buy a coursebook, your teacher will give you one.
You	eat or drink in any of the classrooms.
Students	take an exam at the end of the year. This shows how much they have learnt.
Students in VietNam	wear uniforms when they are at school.
III.	Conditional Sentences
Conditional Sentence Type 0
Conditional type zero is used to talk about general truths, scientific facts or things which always happen under certain conditions.
Form:If + S + V1., S + V1
Use:
The zero conditional is used to talk about things which are always true, scientific facts, general truths:
Examples:
If you cross an international date line, the time changes. Phosphorus burns if you expose it to air.
If I wake up early, I go jogging.
NOTE: you can use "when" instead of "if".
Conditional Sentence Type 1
Often called the "real" conditional because it is used for real or possible situations. These situations take place if a certain condition is met. It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.
Form:If + S + V 1., S + will/ shall + V (bare-inf)
Use
Conditional Sentences Type 1 refer to the future. An action in the future will only happen if a certain condition is fulfilled by that time. We don't know for sure whether the condition actually will be fulfilled or not, but the conditions seems rather realistic – so we think it is likely to happen.
Example:
If I have enough time, I'll watch the football match.
I may have time to watch the match but I'm not sure about it.
Conditional Sentence Type 2
Often called the "unreal" conditional because it is used for unreal impossible or improbable situations. This conditional provides an imaginary result for a given situation. It is very unlikely that the condition will be fulfilled.
Form: If + S + Past subjunctive, S + would/ could + V (bare-inf)
*In conditional type 2, we usually use in the if clause "were" instead of "was" even if the pronoun is I, he, she or it. "were" here is a subjunctive form.
NOTE "was" is also a possible form.
Example:
If I were a millionaire, I would buy a castle.
Use
Conditional Sentences Type 2 refer to an action in the present that could happen if the present situation were different. I don't really expect the situation to change because it is very unlikely.
Example:
If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world.
Conditional Sentence Type 3
It is impossible that the condition will be met because it refers to the past.
Form:If + S +had + V3, S + would + have + V3
Use
Conditional Sentences Type 3 refer to situations in the past. They express hypothetical results to past given situations.
Example:
If he had been careful, he wouldn't have had that terrible accident.
Sometimes in the past, he was careless. He drove so fast. So he had a terrible accident
* Things to remember
The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.
Examples:
"Phosphorus burns if you expose it to air."
I will send her an invitation if I find  ... ___ (live) in Japan for years, but they're back in the UK now.
2	My mum _______________ (bake) a fantastic birthday cake at the weekend. 
3	A: How long _______ you ________ (play) on the school volleyball team? B: This is my fourth year.
4	I _______________ (not watch) this programme for years. It's great!
5	He _______________ (not buy) a birthday present for his sister and she was very upset. 
6	How long ________ she _______ (know) how to drive?
7	_______ you ________ (take) any good photos at the party last night?
8	I _______________ (hear) a strange noise in the middle of the night. 
9	Sophie _______________ (be) in hospital for a week. I’m going to visit her today.
10	We _______________ (not see) Mary at the match yesterday.
3	Complete the sentences. Use been or gone.
1	Joe’s ____________ to the cinema. He’ll be back at eight o’clock. 
2	I’ve ____________ to the supermarket and now I’ve got a lot of food!
3	Pete’s __________ to the stadium to buy tickets for the match. He’s in the queue. 
4	Jenny’s __________ in town all day. Look at all those shopping bags!
5	Has he ever ____________ to Vietnam?
7	Complete the text with the words below. There are two words you do not need.
busiest	for 	has	has been 	has had	large
largest 	shop 	since 	visitors 	until	was 
London has many famous department stores. One of the 1____________ and most famous is Hamleys toy 2____________. William Hamley started the business in 1760 and it 3____________ on Regent Street, in the West End of London, 4____________ 1881. The original shop 5____________ in another part of London but it burned down in 1901. Hamleys 6____________ many famous customers in its history, including many of the British Royal Family. It has also been very popular with tourists 7____________ many years, and gets about five million 8____________ a year. Its 9____________ time is just before Christmas, when everyone is looking for Christmas presents for children. It 10____________ seven floors and sells all sorts of toys for children of all ages.
1	Complete each pair of sentences. Use will or going to and one of the verbs below. 
drive forget have visit
1a	Are you late? I _______________ you to the bus stop if you want. 
1b	Next summer my cousin _______________ across America with his girlfriend. 
2a	We _______________ my grandparents this weekend.
2b	I think astronauts _______________ other planets in the next twenty years. 
3a	‘Tea or coffee?’ ‘I _______________ coffee, please.’ 
3b	You’ve been in the sun for hours. You _______________ terrible sunburn. 
4a	I _______________ (not) your birthday again this year. I promise! 
4b	Dad’s so busy. He _______________ his and Mum’s wedding anniversary again.
2	Complete the zero conditional sentences. Use the correct form of the verbs below.
do eat have sleep spend wake
	1	If my sister _______________ me up in the morning, I come to school late!
	2	I get a stomach ache if I _______________ too much chocolate.
	3	If we’ve got money, we _______________ it on clothes.
	4	If she _______________ time, she goes shopping after work. 
	5	If I feel tired, I _______________ any work.
	6	They _______________ well if their parents don’t read them a bedtime story.
3	Choose the correct words. 
1	I don’t know what I’ll do next summer. I’ll probably / may get a job. 
2	We haven’t got much homework. I might / probably go to the skatepark. 
3	This song is so cool! I’m definitely / might going to download it tonight!
4	I don’t feel well. I could / might not go to school tomorrow. 
5	We’re might / probably going to go to the beach tomorrow. Do you fancy coming?
6	If the phone rings, don’t answer it. It could / definitely be Mike. I’m not speaking to him. 
9	Read the text. Match the sentences A–F with the gaps 1–5 in the text. There is one extra sentence you do not need. 
The death of the cinema? 
1_____ In the 1940s thirty million people in Britain went to the cinema regularly. It wasn’t expensive. Ordinary working people could afford it and it was a treat for children. It was also the place to see the news. Hundreds of cinemas opened up all over Britain. 
2_____ By the 1960s more and more homes had televisions, and cinemas started to close. In the 1980s people watched videos. Then came satellite TV, the Internet and computer games. By the end of the twentieth century, fewer and fewer people went to the cinema. 
3_____ New technology like 3D means that cinemas can offer something most people can’t get at home. In 2007 the number of people going to the cinema started to go up again. When the 3D film Avatar came out in 2009, it broke records – millions of people went to see it at the cinema. 
4_____ Now there are huge multiplex cinemas showing ten different movies, there are drive-in cinemas and open-air screens in parks. Over 100 years after the first movie theatres in America opened, the cinema is still evolving. 
5_____ It is true that you can watch a film on the bus on your smartphone, on a screen that is smaller than your hand. But the cinema experience, with friends, popcorn and ice cream is a tradition we have learned to love. It seems the cinema will be around a while longer. 
A	In the second half of the century, different forms of entertainment became popular.	__
B	There is something special about seeing a film in the cinema. 	_
C	The ratings system helps parents choose which films are suitable for children. 	_
D	In the first half of the twentieth century, going to the cinema was the most popular 
	form of entertainment. 	__
E	However, in the twenty-first century, cinemas are fighting back! 	__
F	Cinema venues have also changed in the last few years. 	__
1	Complete the sentences. Use must, mustn’t or needn’t.
1	I __________ go to bed late tonight. I’m planning to get up early tomorrow morning. 
2	Benny __________ work harder. He’s going to fail his exams, if he doesn't.
3	We __________ go shopping this afternoon. The fridge is full.
4	We __________ give Fran a big present. Something small will be OK.
5	I’m going to tell you a secret, but you __________ tell anyone!
6	You __________ cross the street at the pedestrian crossing. 
7	You __________ shout! I can hear you!
8	You __________ smoke in restaurants in the UK. It’s illegal.
9	You __________ do your homework on time!
10	We __________ forget Helen’s birthday. It’s next Tuesday.
2	Complete the first conditional sentences. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1	If I _______________ (not go) out this morning, I _______________ (clean) the house.
2	If they _______________ (not arrive) soon, I _______________ (be) angry.
3	If you _______________ (learn) English, you _______________ (get) a better job.
4	He _______________ (be) late if he _______________ (not hurry).
5	Nina _______________ (go) to university if she _______________ (pass) her exams.
4	Complete the sentences with the phrasal verbs below. 
bend down hold out lie down lift up put up turn around
1	I need to ________ on the bed for a while. I'm not feeling well.
2	You need to ________ your hand if you want to answer the question.
3	Please ________ so that I can see your face.
4	You need to ________ when you get into the car so that you don't hit your head.
5	He didn't ________ his foot when he came into the room so he tripped on the step and fell down.
6	Please ________ your hands – I've got something to give you.
6	Complete the text with the words below. There are two words you do not need.
advice	attractions	gifts	if	must	mustn't	
needn't	recommend	restaurants	shake hands	superstition	will
Japan is an extremely interesting place to go on holiday, with lots to do and see. It's quite different from other countries, so it's always useful to get some 1____________ before you go. If you're visiting people in Japan, it's traditional to give 2____________. Also, when you meet someone for the first time, you 3____________ bow. You needn't 4____________, but you certainly mustn't kiss! Japan is famous for its delicious food and it's easy to find good 5____________. When you're eating out, you 6____________ always use chopsticks because many restaurants will give you a fork or spoon instead. However, 7____________ you do use chopsticks, you mustn't stand them up in your food, as this is very bad luck. Another 8____________ connected with food is that you 9____________ lie down as soon as you finish eating – if you do, then some people say that you 10____________ become a cow!
8	Read the text. Are the sentences true or false?
The big day
A wedding is one of the biggest family celebrations. A traditional wedding in the UK is a formal event and there are lots of rules that go with it. 
First, there is the dress code. Traditionally, men must wear suits and ties. They needn’t wear hats, although at a very formal wedding the groom and his best man often wear top hats. Women wear dresses or suits and they must wear hats. You mustn’t wear white (only the bride wears white) or black (because it is too serious). 
There are other traditions too. The bride’s father makes a speech at the wedding. The bride’s mother and the groom’s parents needn’t make a speech, but the groom’s best friend (the best man) makes a speech too. 
Traditionally, the bride’s family pay for the wedding, but many modern couples now plan and pay for their special day themselves. The average wedding costs nearly £20,000, so many parents are happy about this change! 
Weddings are an old tradition and there are a lot of superstitions about the wedding day and the ceremony. Here are a few of them:
If you are a bridesmaid three times for your friends, you will never get married yourself. 
If you catch the bride’s bouquet of flowers when she throws it, you will be the next one to get married. 
The groom mustn’t see the bride’s dress until the wedding ceremony. If he does, the couple will have bad luck.
1	You must make sure you wear the right clothes at a formal wedding.	_____
2	Men mustn’t wear hats. 	_____
3	Women don't usually make speeches at a traditional wedding. 	_____
4	Not all modern parents pay for their daughter’s wedding. 	_____
5	It is traditional for the groom to help the bride choose her dress.	_____
1	Complete the text. Use the correct second conditional form of the verbs in brackets.
Many scientists are worried about global warming. The consequences could be serious. If all the ice in the Arctic and Antarctic regions 1_______________ (melt), sea levels 2_______________ (rise) and cause terrible floods. If sea levels 3_______________ (rise), people living in coastal areas 4_______________ (lose) their homes. The melting ice would also affect the temperature of the sea. If the sea 5_______________ (get) colder, the northern half of the world 6______________ (freeze). There would be terrible snow storms and millions of people 7_______________ (die).
2	Complete the second conditional sentences. Use the correct form of the verbs below.
be build catch help marry not sit not work understand
1	If we all recycled our rubbish, it _______________ the environment.
2	He would be fitter and healthier if he _______________ in front of the TV all day.
3	We would use less energy if we _______________ smaller houses.
4	If we learned about other cultures, we _______________ people from other countries better.
5	If I _______________ the early train, I would be in London by lunchtime.
6	Lots of people _______________ in danger if there was a tornado.
7	If we _______________ so much and relaxed more, we would be a lot happier!
8	She _______________ him if she really loved him.
3	Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1	I wish I _______________ (speak) another language. I’d get a better job.
2	I wish we _______________ (can) have lunch in the garden, but it’s raining.
3	I wish you _______________ (not be) so tired. We could go out for a walk.
4	I wish I _______________ (have) enough money to buy a new coat.
5	I wish we _______________ (not live) in the city. I love the countryside so much!
4	Match 1–5 with a–e to make sentences.
1	The United Nations is sending food aid to
2	The tsunami reached
3	A year without rain has caused
4	The volcanic eruption has destroyed
5	Five skiers were injured in
a	the forest and all the homes in the area around the mountain. 
b	the avalanche on Saturday afternoon.
c	the victims of the famine. 
d	the coast and destroyed thousands of homes.
e	a serious drought in Western Australia.
1 ____ 2 ____ 3 ____ 4 ____ 5 ____ 
6	Choose the correct answers.
1	The ______ caused by the earthquake was terrible. 
	a destroyed	b destruction	c destroy
2	We heard the ______ at the car factory two kilometres away.
	a drought	b landslide 	c explosion
3	Scientists are worried that an asteroid may ______ with the Earth in 2036. 
	a collide	b collision 	c damage
4	The long drought has caused the ______ of thousands of sheep and cows. 
	a injury	b failure 	c death
5	The attempt to stop the forest fire was a ______. It is still burning. 
	a destruction	 b failure	c rescue 	
Use of English
7	Complete the text with the correct form of the words in brackets.
Droughts don't always become 1____________ (NATURE) disasters, but when they do, they result in a famine, like the one in Ethiopia between 1983 and 1985. The international charity Oxfam says that famine is a 2____________ (COMBINE) of three 3____________ (FAIL): not enough food 4____________ (PRODUCE), not enough opportunities for people to get food, and most 5____________ (IMPORTANT), a slow 6____________ (REACT) to the famine from local and international 7____________ (GOVERN). 8____________ (ORGANISE) such as Oxfam ask people around the world for 9____________ (DONATE) to help the victims of famines and other disasters. Thousands of people in affected countries rely on the 10____________ (KIND) of people who give their money to charities like Oxfam. 
* The End *