Đề cương ôn tập giữa học kì 2 môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 8 - Năm học 2020-2021

UNIT 7. PULLUTION
B. GRAMMAR
1. ĐỊNH NGHĨA CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN.
Định nghĩa
Ví dụ
Câu điều kiện gồm có hai phần: mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện (if-clause) và mệnh đề chỉ kết quả (result clause)
If the weather is fine, I will go campingwith my friends tomorrow.
(Nếu thời tiết đẹp thì ngày mai tôi đi sẽ đi cắm trại với bạn của tôi.)
-> “If the weather is fine” là mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện: “I will go camping with my friends tomorrow” là mệnh đề chỉ kết quả (mệnh đề chính)
Mệnh đề IF và mệnh đề chính có thể đứng trước hay sau đều được.
I will go camping with my friends tomorrow if the weather is fine.
II. ÔN TẬP CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1 (CONDITIONAL SENENCES TYPE 1)
Chức năng
Dùng để diễn tả điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Cấu trúc
If + S+ V (s/es) + (bổ ngữ) S will +Vnguyên mẫu + (bổ ngữ)
(thì hiện tại đơn) (thì tương mai đơn)
-> Mệnh đề IF dùng thì hiện tại đơn, mệnh đề chính dùng thì tương lai.
Ví dụ
If I have enough money, I will buy a new computer. (Nếu tôi có đủ tiền thì tôi sẽ mua một chiếc máy tính mới.)
- If you work hard, you will make a lot of money. (Nếu bạn làm việc chăm chỉ thì bạn sẽ kiếm được nhiều tiền.)
Lưu ý
Unless= If not
If= Unless + not
Ví dụ:
- If he doesn’t do his homework, his mother will complain.
-> Unless he does homework, his mother will complain.
- If you don’t send to the hospital, she will die.
-> Unless you send her to the hospital, she will die.
Có thể dùng các động từ must, have to, can, may, should thay cho will trong mệnh đề chính.
Ví dụ:
Is It rains heavily, you can stay here. (Nếu trời mưa bạn có thể ở lại đây.)
- If you want to see that film, you must buy a ticket. (Nếu bạn muốn xem bộ phim đó thì bạn phải mua vé.)
BÀI TẬP VẬN DUNG CƠ BẢN
Bài 1. Khoanh tròn phương án đúng để hoàn thành các câu sau.
1. If the weather is fine, we (goes/ will go) camping tomorrow.
2. My parents will give me a gift if I (will pass/ pass) the final exam.
3. If you are polite to others, they (will be/ are nice to you).
4. Unless James (studies/ will study) hard, he will fail the exam.
5. My parents won’t allow me to go out if I (don’t finish/ won’t finish) my homework. 
6. If the cable TV (doesn’t/ won’t) work, we will rent a DVD.
7. If you don’t want to stay at home, you (go/ can go) with me to the supermarket.
8. If you (will be/ are) a good listener, you will gain many friends.
9. James won’t attend the meeting if he (won’t/doesn’t) want to.
10. You can’t have this job unless you (have/will have) long working experience.
11. What (you will do/ will you do) if it snows tomorrow?
12. You (will be/ are) able to understand it you practice every day.
13. We will eat out today if there (will be/ is) nothing left in the fridge.
14. If it (will be/ is) too cold outside, we will stay home.
15. If she (isn’t/ won’t) careful, she will make many mistakes.
Bài 2. Hoàn thành các câu sau sử dụng dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.
1. The manager (be) ________________ very angry if I am late for work.
2. You will have to work very hard if you (take)______ this course.
3. I (go) ________ to see the doctor if I don’t feel well tomorrow.
4. They can’t hear you unless you (speak) ______ louder.
5. If Peter (forget) _____________ to write his essay, the teacher (give) _____________ him a low mark.
6. If they (win) ___________ this match, they will ne the champions.
7. We (have) _________ plenty of time if we (arrive) ______ there early.
8. The zookeeper (punish) ____________ you if you (feed) ___________ the animal.
9. What ________ (Jane/ say) if Jim (tell0 _______ her the truth.
10. The boys (shiver) _____________ with cold if they (swim) ________ in this lake.
11. The door (not lock) ____________- unless you (press) ____ the green button.
12. Jim won’t be late if he (take) _______________ the bus at 6 o’clock .
13. Mary isn’t home, but if you (want) _____ to leave her a message, I (give) ________ it to her.
14. If jack (clean) ________ the floor, I (do) __________ the washing.
15. the children (be) _____ happy if you (give) _______ them some sweets.
Bài 3.Nối cột A với cột B để tạo thành câu hoàn chỉnh.
A
B
1. If people keep dumping rubbish into the lake, 
a. the groundwater will be poisoned.
2. If the farmers overuse pesticide, 
b. if our surrounding environment is polluted
3. Soil erosion won’t happen in an area, 
c. they will disappear in the future.
4. if we don’t converse the rainforests, 
d. unless we join hands to protect it.
5. Our health will be badly affected
e. the aquatic life will be afflicted.
6. Our environment will be damaged
f. floods will be more and more severe.
7. Is we don’t protect the frontier forests, 
g. if people use more public transportation.
8. The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will be reduced 
h. if people practice sustainable agricultural mad use.
 1. ____ 	2. __________	3. _______	4. ____________
5. ____	6. __________	7. _______	8. ____________
Bài 4. Dựa vào từ cho sẵn, viết câu hoàn chỉnh.
1. If/people/ not/ stop/ dumping/ waste/ into/ rivers/,/pollution/ increase/.
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. If/ polar/ ice caps/ melt/ ,/huge landmasses/ be/ under/ water.
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. If the air/ in/ city/ be/polluted/ ,it/can/ cause/ people’s/ respiratory/ problems.
_____________________________________________________________________________
4. If/smog/ be/ frequently/ formed/ in/ city/,/it/ cause/ difficulty/ in/ breathing/ headache/ even/ lung cancer.
_____________________________________________________________________________
5. If/ carbon monoxide/ concentrate/ in/ great/ amounts/, /it/ be/ harmful/.
_____________________________________________________________________________
6. The climate/ change/ if/ more trees/ be/ cut/ down/ for/ hardwood/.
_____________________________________________________________________________
7. I ... ous ways. Some countries, in order to circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animal reserves. They then charge admission to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks and they often must also depend on world organizations for support. With the money they get, they can invest in equipment, and patrols to protect the animals. Another solution that is an attempt to stem the tide of animal extinction is an international boycott of products made from endangered species. This seems fairly effective but it will not, by itself, prevent animals from being hunted and killed.
1.	What is the main topic of the passage?
	A. the Bengal tiger	B. international boycotts
	C. endangered species	D. problems with industrialization
2.	Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “alarming” in paragraph 1?
	A. dangerous	B. serious	C. gripping	D. distressing
3.	Which of the following could best replace the word “case” as used in paragraph 1?
	A. act	B. situation	C. contrast	D. trade
4.	The word “poachers” as used in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by which of the following?
	A. illegal hunters	B. enterprising researchers
	C. concerned scientists	D. trained hunters
5.	The word “callousness” in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by which of the following?
	A. indirectness	B. independence	C. incompetence	D. insensitivity
6.	The above passage is divided into two paragraphs in order to contrast
	A. a problem and a solution	B. a statement and an illustration
	C. a comparison and a contrast	D. specific and general information
7.	What does the word “this” refer to in paragraph 1?
	A. endangered species that are increasing
	B. Bengal tigers that are decreasing
	C. poachers who seek personal gratification
	D. sources that may not be accurate
8.	Which of the following could best replace the word “allocated’’ in paragraph 2?
	A. set aside	B. combined	C. organized	D. taken off
9.	The word “defray” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
	A. lower	B. raise
	C. make a payment on	D. make an investment toward
10.	The author uses the phrase “stem the tide” in paragraph	2 to mean
	A. touch	B. stop	C. tax	D. save
11.	Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude?
	A. forgiving	B. concerned	C. vindictive	D. surprised
Read the text and then choose the best answer A, B, C or D.
	Two of the most dangerous storms which affect America are hurricanes and tornadoes. They are very much feared by anyone who may live in the path of their destruction.
	Every year homes are destroyed by their fury and often lives are lost. Most people who live near the coast are forced to evacuate their homes and to move to safer areas until the storm passes. Floods are caused along the coasts by both the heavy rain and a storm tide that is considerably above normal water level. The high winds, coastal flooding and heavy rains associated with a hurricane cause enormous damage.
	Hurricanes usually develop between July and October. Once they hit land they carry tremendous power with driving rain and wind.
	Tornadoes are violent low - pressured storms. These storms occur most often during the summer months and are noticeable by their strong wind and lack of rain. The sky turns black as dust is sucked up into the air. Tornadoes are capable of lifting quite heavy objects from the ground. They can pick up trees and cars right into the air and even uplift heavier objects such as homes and railway cars.
	Both hurricanes and tornadoes cause millions of dollars worth of damage to life and property every year. Today they can be predicted more easily than in the past, but they cannot be stopped or ignored.
1.	What are two of the most dangerous storms which affect America?
	A. Hurricanes and tornadoes.
	B. Typhoons and thunderstorms.
	C. Thunderstorms and hurricanes.
	D. Hurricanes and typhoons.
2.	At which part of the year do hurricanes usually develop?
	A. July and August only.	
	B. All the year round.
	C. From the seventh to the ninth month.
	D. Between July and October.
3.	What is the major similarity of both a hurricane and a tornado?
	A. They cover only a small area.
	B. They can cause great damage.
	C. They are not accompanied by rain.
	D. They have either wind or speed.
4.	Which of the following is true of tornadoes and hurricanes?
	A. They cannot be predicted with accuracy.
	B. They are easier to control today than in the part.
	C. They can be predicted today with greater accuracy.
	D. They cannot be predicted today with greater accuracy.
5.	Which of the following was not mentioned in the article?
	A. The number of people killed each year by these storms.
	B. The tremendous power killed each year by these storms.
	C. The damage caused by hurricanes and tornadoes.
	D. The time of year when they are most likely to strike.
Read the following passage and choose the best answers each of the questions.
	Nylon was invented in the early 1930s by an American chemist, Julian Hill. Other scientists worked with his invention and finally on 27 October 1938, Nylon was introduced to the world. It was cheap and strong and immediately became successful, especially in the making of ladies’ stocking.
	Today, nylon is found in many things: carpets, ropes, seat belts, furniture, computers, and even spare parts of the human body. It has played an important part : in our lives for over 50 years.
1.	Julian Hill was a/ an 	.
	A. chemist	B. American	C. inventor	D. all are correct
2.	Nylon can be found in 	.
	A. many things	B. spare parts of the human body
	C. furniture	D. all are correct
3.	What does the word “introduce” in line 3 mean?
	A. tell somebody your name
	B. tell somebody the name of a person
	C. bring something new into use for the 1st time
	D. bring something somewhere
4.	Nylon 	.
	A. was invented by Julian Hill	B. was strong but expensive
	C. was not very popular	D. all are correct
5.	Which of the following is not true?
	A. Nylon was used to make ladies’ stocking.
	B. At first, people didn’t want to use Nylon.
	C. Today, Nylon still plays an important part in our lives.
	D. We can found Nylon in computers.
Rewrite the sentences
1.	David had gone home before we arrived.
g	After 	
2.	We had lunch then we took a look around the shops.
g	Before 	
3.	The light had gone out before we got out of the office.
g	When 	
4.	After she had explained everything dearly, we started our work.
g	By the time 	
5.	My father had watered all the plants in the garden by the time my mother came home.
g	Before 	
Change the following sentences into passive voice.
1.	They can’t make tea with cold water.
è	
2.	The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plant.
è	
3.	Somebody has taken some of my books away.
è	
4.	They will hold the meeting before May Day.
è	
5.	They have to repair the engine of the car.
è	
6.	The boys broke the window and took away some pictures.
è	
7.	People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday.
è	
8.	They may use this room for the classroom.
è	
9.	The teacher is going to tell a story.
è	
10.	Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife.
è	
11.	The children looked at the women with a red hat.
è	
12.	They have provided the victims with food and clothing.
è	
13.	The teacher explains the lesson.
è	
14.	Mrs Green is cooking the food in the kitchen.
è	
15.	The doctor examined the patients.
è	
16.	These boys made that noise.
è	
17.	People speak English all over the world.
è	
18.	He gave him back the money last Sunday.
è	
19.	I can’t do these exercises quickly.
è	
20.	She had finished the report by noon.
è	
TEST FOR UNIT 7,8,9
Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
1.	A.emergency	B.astrology	C.scientific	D.environment
2.	A.survivor	B.property	C.resident	D.government
3.	A.historic	B. iconic	C.spectacle	D.attraction
4.	A.official	B.together	C.koala	D.popular
5.	A.poisonous	B.pollutant	C.artistic	D.aquatic
Fill in each blank with the correct word from the box.
	landscapes 	while 	but	area 	capital 
	variety 	development 	popular	mountainous	diverse
1. 	Cardiff is the largest city and also the	 of Wales 
2. 	The most	 sport in Canada is ice hockey.
3. 	The capital city of New Zealand is Wellington	the largest city is Auckland. 
4. 	The Scottish Highlands are a 	region of Scotland.
	5.	A 	 of wildlife can be found in Scotland, including seals, mountain hare and the golden eagle. 
	6.	Rugby is the most popular spectator sport in New Zealand	football, cricket, netball, golf are popular among participants. 
	7.	Australia is the world's sixth largest country by	while Canada is the second. 
	8.	Australia has a range of different	, including urban areas, mountain ranges, deserts and rain forests.
	9.	The United States is a	country with a multicultural society. 
	10.	The US was the leading force behind the 	 of the Internet. 
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 
1.	Would you go to his party if he (invite)	 you? 
2.	I (can/help)	 you translate this text into French if we had a dictionary. 
3.	We (email)	 her if we had her address. 
4.	If I (know)	the answer, I wouldn't need to ask. 
5.	I'd probably buy a laptop if it (be)	 cheaper.
6.	Where would you live if you (have)	 the choice? 
7.	If you (have)	 20 brothers and sisters, think how many birthday presents you (get)	
8. If everyone (speak)	 the same language, do you think life (be)	 better? 
9.	I'm sorry, I don't know. IfI(know)	 the answer, I (tell)	 you.
10.	I don't know what I (do)	 if you (not be)	 here to help me. 
Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. 
Water Pollution in India
Contamination of water from any external source that makes it (1)	to life is known as water pollution. (2)	the fast industrial development and modem civilization, the problem of water pollution is (3)	day by day. The (4)	sources of water pollution are domestic wastes, agricultural wastes, sewage disposal, industrial wastes, radioactive wastes and oil leakages. 
All the Indian rivers. including the holy river Ganga, have become highly polluted today. However, the Ganga Action Plan to control its water from pollution has not been proved (5)	. The (6)	of water pollution is widespread. It causes many severe water- borne diseases.
According to WHO, 21 per cent of all (7)	 diseases in India are water-borne diseases. Oil is the main pollutant of the sea water. Huge tankers often dump oil into the sea. This act of dumping (8)	 kills sea plants and animals.
1.	A. harm 	B. harmful 	C. harmless 	D. unharmed
2.A. At 	B. Of 	C. In 	D. With 
3. A. increase 	B. increasing 	C. increased 	D. to increase 	
4. A. most 	B. more 	C. major 	D. hard 	
5. A.success 	B. successful 	C. unsuccessful 	D. succeeded 
6. A. effect 	B. effects 	C. affect 	D. affects 
7. A. communicate B. communicative 	C. communicable 	D. communication 
8. A. poisons	B.poisonous	C. poisoning 	D. poisoned 
Fill in each blank in the following passage with ONE suitable word. 
	 first	children	English	 use
	 main	native	increasing	speak
In the first years of the 20th century, English medium education became popular for all groups in Singapore. By the 1950s nearly all children went to school, and the majority were educated in (1)	.
Since Singapore became an independent Republic in 1965, the (2)	 of English has increased still further. For many Singaporeans, English is the (3)	 language. Many families (4)	 English at home and it is one of the (5)	 languages learnt by about haft of the current pre-school (6)	.
Over half of the population born since 1965 is (7)	speakers of English, and the proportion of this group is still (8)	.
Read the text, and do the tasks that follow. 
Earthquakes
Earthquakes are among the deadliest natural disasters, causing the largest numbers ofcasualties, the highest death tolls, and the greatest destruction. In 1556 in China, the deadliest earthquakes in history killed 830,000 people. But many other earthquakes have caused the deaths of more than 100,000 people, and it is not unusual, even in modern times, for an earthquake death toll to reach 20,000 to 30,000 people with hundreds of thousands left homeless and with countless injured. The floodwaters of the 2004 tsunami in Sumatra, which killed over 200,000 people, were caused by a catastrophic earthquake. 
Task 2: Decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F).
	T	F
1.	Earthquakes are one of the deadliest natural disasters.	o	o
2.	In modern times, the number of deaths caused by an earthquake is limited.	o	o
	3.	China is the country with the deadliest earthquake in history.	o	o
4.	Earthquakes cause lots of death toll, homelessness and injuries.	o	o
5.	. Earthquakes do not cause tsunamis at all.	o	o
Read the passage carefully, and then answer the questions below. 
Super Typhoon Haiyan
Super Typhoon Haiyan is one of the strongest tropical cyclones ever observed. It ripped through the Philippines, and the destruction across the islands was disastrous and widespread. Houses and buildings were leveled by the storm's powerful winds. Trees fell down and neighborhoods were under flood water. One CNN reporter, upon seeing the hard-hit city of Tacloban, said: “It is like a tsunami has hit here." About 9.5 million people have been affected by the typhoon Haiyan weakened to a tropical storm, but at least five people died in Vietnam when Haiyan hit the country. Recovery from the monster typhoon, locally known as Yolanda, would be long and difficult. 
1.	What is super Typhoon Haiyan considered? 
2.	What is another name for Typhoon Haiyan?
3.	How was the destruction in the Philippines caused by Typhoon Haiyan? 
4.	How many people have been affected by Typhoon Haiyan? 
5.	How many people in Viet Nam died when the typhoon hit the country? 
6.	How was the recovery from the typhoon?